The recent permits to kill Oregon’s small wolf population issued to the USDA’s Wildlife Services division have brought that controversial government agency into the spotlight. Predator advocates such as Eugene’s Predator Defense call for non-lethal predator control, such as the recently funded range rider program, rather than shooting or poisoning wolves and other predators.
A $15,000 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service grant (USFWS is a separate agency from Wildlife Services) will reimburse livestock producers who pay for a range rider to patrol cattle grazing in areas of the Imnaha wolf pack this summer. The Imnaha pack, which currently has a litter of puppies, is said to have attacked and killed livestock earlier this summer. USFWS says that range riders have been shown to help reduce livestock losses to wolves in other states.
George Wuerthner, a longtime researcher of Wildlife Services, says that general consensus among those who disagree with the policies of Wildlife Services is that information readily available and advertised to the public is quite different from the reality found beneath the surface. For example, he says, the extermination of rabid raccoons is advertised as a solution that Wildlife Services provides, and the public rarely disapproves of this activity since rabies is so dangerous. However, by advertising such services, the indiscriminate killing of wolves, cougars, bears and coyotes are thrown out of the limelight, according to Wuerthner.
Critics say that despite its attempts to protect the livestock industry, Wildlife Services has seemingly worsened the problem. Wuerthner, staff ecologist for Predator Defense, says: “Indiscriminately killing predators skews the age of a population over time … leaving a higher percentage of young, inexperienced predators that are far more likely to target livestock.”
Wuerthner explains what he calls a vicious cycle created by Wildlife Services: A livestock owner calls in a troublesome predator, several animals are killed (among them a large population of older, more experienced hunters) and inexperienced hunters are left to once again target livestock. After this, the cycle repeats.
He says that part of the reason that this cycle exists is that livestock owners often have no incentive to properly protect their animals. “In Chile, the farmers take protective measures like cattle sheds and corral fences to protect their livestock because there are laws against killing predators,” Wuerthner, who recently returned from Chile, says. “In the Northwest there are no laws in place, and so it’s easier just to call in Wildlife Services.”
Wuerthner cites the statistics that say in 2007 Wildlife Services spent upwards of a $100 million in order to control predatory attacks. By the time the year was over, Wildlife Services had become responsible for more than 100,000 animal deaths — coyotes, cougars, cats and dogs among them.
Statistically, predator attacks play a far smaller part in the death of livestock than disease, poisonous plants and injury, but predators are treated differently because, he says, you can’t shoot a disease. — Andy Valentine
[EW 8/5]
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